This kit is used for the in vitro qualitative detection of influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human rhinovirus and mycoplasma pneumoniae nucleic acids in human nasopharyngeal swabs and oropharyngeal swab samples. The test results can be used for aid to the diagnosis of respiratory pathogen infections, and provide auxiliary molecular diagnostic basis for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory pathogen infections.