Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid and Rifampicin Resistance

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ， shortly as Tubercle bacillus, TB, is the pathogenic bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Currently, the commonly used first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs include isoniazid, rifampicin and hexambutol, etc. The second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs include fluoroquinolones, amikacin and kanamycin, etc. The new developed drugs are linezolid, bedaquiline and delamani, etc. However, due to the incorrect use of anti-tuberculosis drugs and the characteristics of the cell wall structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis develops drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs, which brings serious challenges to the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

Rifampicin has been widely used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients since the late 1970s, and has a significant effect. It has been the first choice to shorten the chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Rifampicin resistance is mainly caused by the mutation of the rpoB gene. Although new anti-tuberculosis drugs are constantly coming out, and the clinical efficacy of pulmonary tuberculosis patients has also continued to improve, there is still a relative lack of anti-tuberculosis drugs, and the phenomenon of irrational drug use in clinical is relatively high. Obviously, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis cannot be completely killed in a timely manner, which eventually leads to different degrees of drug resistance in the patient's body, prolongs the course of the disease, and increases the risk of death of the patient.