May 17, 2023 is the 19th "World Hypertension Day".
Hypertension is known as the "killer" of human health. More than half of cardiovascular diseases, strokes and heart failure are caused by hypertension. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
01 Global prevalence of hypertension
Worldwide, approximately 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 suffer from high blood pressure. Only 42% of patients with hypertension are diagnosed and treated, and about one in five patients have their hypertension under control. In 2019, the number of deaths caused by hypertension worldwide exceeded 10 million, accounting for about 19% of all deaths.
02 What is Hypertension?
Hypertension is a clinical cardiovascular syndrome characterized by persistently increased blood pressure levels in the arterial vessels.
Most patients have no obvious symptoms or signs. A small number of hypertensive patients may have dizziness, fatigue or nosebleeds. Some patients with systolic blood pressure of 200mmHg or above may not have obvious clinical manifestations, but their heart, brain, kidney and blood vessels have been damaged to a certain extent. As the disease progresses, life-threatening diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, renal insufficiency, uremia, and peripheral vascular occlusion will eventually occur.
(1) Essential hypertension: accounts for about 90-95% of hypertensive patients. It may be related to many factors such as genetic factors, lifestyle, obesity, stress and age.
(2) Secondary hypertension: accounts for about 5-10% of hypertensive patients. It is an increase in blood pressure caused by other diseases or drugs, such as kidney disease, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular disease, drug side effects, etc.
03 Drug therapy for hypertensive patients
The treatment principles of hypertension are: taking medicine for a long time, regulating blood pressure level, improving symptoms, preventing and controlling complications, etc. Treatment measures include lifestyle improvement, individualized control of blood pressure, and control of cardiovascular risk factors, among which long-term use of antihypertensive drugs is the most important treatment measure.
Clinicians usually choose a combination of different drugs based on the blood pressure level and the overall cardiovascular risk of the patient, and combine drug therapy to achieve effective control of blood pressure. Antihypertensive drugs commonly used by patients include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), β-blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCB), and diuretics.
04 Genetic testing for individualized drug use in hypertensive patients
At present, the antihypertensive drugs routinely used in clinical practice generally have individual differences, and the curative effect of hypertension drugs is highly correlated with genetic polymorphisms. Pharmacogenomics can clarify the relationship between individual response to drugs and genetic variation, such as curative effect, dosage level and adverse reactions wait. Physicians identifying gene targets involved in blood pressure regulation in patients can help standardize medication.
Therefore, the detection of drug-related gene polymorphisms can provide relevant genetic evidence for clinical selection of appropriate drug types and drug doses, and improve the safety and effectiveness of drug use.
05 Applicable population for genetic testing of individualized medication for hypertension
(1) Patients with hypertension
(2) People with a family history of hypertension
(3) People who have had adverse drug reactions
(4) People with poor drug treatment effect
(5) People who need to take multiple drugs at the same time
06 Solutions
Macro & Micro-Test has developed multiple fluorescence detection kits for the guidance and detection of hypertension medication, providing an overall and comprehensive solution for guiding clinical individualized medication and evaluating the risk of serious adverse drug reactions:
The product can detect 8 gene loci related to antihypertensive drugs and the corresponding 5 major classes of drugs (B adrenergic receptor blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Calcium antagonists and diuretics), an important tool that can guide clinical individualized medication and assess the risk of serious adverse drug reactions. By detecting drug metabolizing enzymes and drug target genes, clinicians can be guided to select appropriate antihypertensive drugs and dosage for specific patients, and improve the effectiveness and safety of antihypertensive drug treatment.
Easy to use: using melting curve technology, 2 reaction wells can detect 8 sites.
High sensitivity: the lowest detection limit is 10.0ng/μL.
High accuracy: A total of 60 samples were tested, and the SNP sites of each gene were consistent with the results of next-generation sequencing or first-generation sequencing, and the detection success rate was 100%.
Reliable results: internal standard quality control can monitor the entire detection process.
Post time: May-17-2023